Personal lines
Auto and homeowners insurance sold to individuals, as at Progressive and Allstate.
Property and casualty insurance stocks
Property and casualty insurers sell coverage for homes, vehicles, businesses and liability, collecting premiums upfront and paying claims later. They make money in two ways: underwriting profit when premiums exceed claims and expenses, and investment income on the premiums they hold before paying claims.
How property and casualty insurance companies make money
Commercial and specialty lines
Coverage for businesses and unusual risks, as at Chubb, Travelers, W. R. Berkley and Markel.
Float and investments
Premiums held before claims are paid are invested, mostly in bonds; Berkshire Hathaway is the best-known example of an insurer that invests float broadly.
What drives property and casualty insurance stocks
- ◆Premium rate increases or decreases across lines
- ◆Catastrophe losses from storms, wildfires and other events
- ◆Claims inflation from repair, medical and legal costs
- ◆Interest rates earned on the investment portfolio
- ◆Reserve adequacy for prior-year claims
Key risks
- ◆Large catastrophe years
- ◆Under-reserving that surfaces as later charges
- ◆Social inflation raising liability claims
- ◆Investment losses when bond prices fall
KPIs to track
- Combined ratio
- Losses plus expenses divided by earned premiums; below 100% means an underwriting profit.
- Net premiums written growth
- Shows pricing and volume trends.
- Prior-year reserve development
- Whether past claims are costing more or less than reserved.
- Net investment income
- Income from the bond portfolio and other investments.
- Book value per share
- The usual valuation anchor for insurers.
Fiscal calendars in this group
Insurers report on a calendar year, but catastrophe seasons make quarterly results lumpy. XBRL revenue includes premiums and investment income, so revenue margins are not comparable with other industries.
| Fiscal year end (SEC) | Companies |
|---|---|
| December 31 | ACGL, AIG, ALL, BRK-B, CB, CINF, HIG, L, MKL, PGR, TRV, WRB |
Property and casualty insurance stocks: company profiles and annual filings
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK-B)
Company research page
Berkshire Hathaway is a diversified holding company with insurance, railroad, energy, and manufacturing operations, plus a large equity portfolio. Built by Warren Buffett, it is renowned for disciplined capital allocation.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
American International Group, Inc. (AIG)
American International Group is a global insurer offering commercial property-casualty and life coverage.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Arch Capital Group Ltd. (ACGL)
Arch Capital Group provides insurance, reinsurance, and mortgage insurance on a global basis.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Chubb Limited (CB)
Chubb is a global property-and-casualty insurer serving commercial and high-net-worth personal clients.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Cincinnati Financial Corporation (CINF)
Cincinnati Financial sells property-casualty and life insurance through independent agents.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Loews Corporation (L)
Loews Corporation is a holding company with interests in commercial insurance, energy, and hospitality.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Markel Group Inc. (MKL)
Markel Group is a specialty insurer that also holds a diversified portfolio of investments and businesses.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
The Allstate Corporation (ALL)
Allstate provides auto, home, and other personal insurance to US consumers.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (HIG)
The Hartford is a property-casualty and group-benefits insurer serving businesses and individuals.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
The Progressive Corporation (PGR)
Progressive is a leading auto and property insurer known for direct-to-consumer and usage-based policies.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
The Travelers Companies, Inc. (TRV)
Travelers is a property-and-casualty insurer serving businesses, individuals, and specialty markets.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
W. R. Berkley Corporation (WRB)
W. R. Berkley is a commercial property-casualty insurer specializing in niche and specialty lines.
- Fiscal year end in SEC snapshot
- December 31
- Annual report period end
- 2025-12-31
Compare companies in this industry
ACGL vs BRK-B
Compare Arch Capital Group Ltd. and Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
AIG vs BRK-B
Compare American International Group, Inc. and Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
ALL vs BRK-B
Compare The Allstate Corporation and Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
BRK-B vs CB
Compare Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and Chubb Limited: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
BRK-B vs CINF
Compare Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and Cincinnati Financial Corporation: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
BRK-B vs HIG
Compare Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
BRK-B vs L
Compare Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and Loews Corporation: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
BRK-B vs MKL
Compare Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and Markel Group Inc.: business context, fiscal calendars and official filings.
Sources and method
Industry codes and annual filing references come from the SEC submissions snapshot linked to each issuer in our company catalog (snapshot ; newer filings may exist). Only groups with at least three distinct issuers, business descriptions and annual filing links are included. Multiple share classes of one issuer count as one company. This is a coverage directory, not a complete industry census or a ranking of investments.
The industry explanation above is editorial and general; it is not drawn from any single company's filing. Company-specific figures are on each stock page with a link to the filing they come from.
SEC Standard Industrial Classification code list explains the classification system. Read our research methodology or browse all industry directories.
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